Archive for the ‘In English’ Category

Global Voices in Esperanto

Oktobro 21, 2006

It was the Global Voices summit in London (Dec. 2005) that inspired me to start blogging. I attended the summit to mention Esperanto to people, as one way to breach the huge language barriers that block the free flow of information between peoples, countries and continents.

As the Esperanto-language blogosphere keeps on growing, it has had a mention or two on Global Voices in the intervening ten months, with the latest (”A trip through Esperanto-land“) appearing today. Hopefully, on Esperanto Day this year (December 15th) a good number of blogs across the world will be posting bilingually about language issues.

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As I said at the summit last year, I believe the use of English as an international language to be ultimately incompatible with the aims of Global Voices. The use of any national language in an international role blesses the native speakers of that language with a large, perpetual, but often overlooked advantage over the other 90-odd percent of the global population — hardly conducive to a free, two-way flow of information between all world citizens, when participation in most countries is restricted to a small, highly educated elite, and even then only as second-class participants behind the native speakers (in terms of power of expression, ease of participation and risk of looking foolish through making mistakes).

The fact that English also happens to be the language of the USA also makes many people uncomfortable. Without getting into a debate about US foreign policy, I don’t think it’s too contentious to say that the US is currently regarded by many across the world as at least in some way threatening — some would go further and say “bullying”, “aggressive”, and worse — and having their language imposed in international relations is, I believe, resented by many.

However, even accepting all of the above, it’s undeniably true that many more people speak at least some English today than any other language, and that situation’s not going to change this month or next. Given that as a starting point, it would be somewhat foolish and counter-productive for any international project to do anything rash like banning its use on purely idealistic grounds. We have to start from somewhere.

Looking to the future though: translation certainly has a valuable place, but it is famously labour-intensive; English as a second language will undoubtedly play a large role for some time to come, possibly being threatened by Spanish and/or Chinese in the not-too-distant future; but Esperanto is also a solution that is currently in use on all continents, has a growing number of speakers and readers, and presents a much more egalitarian, neutral (not to mention significantly easier to master) complement to national languages.

Response to Brigit McCone @ EuropeUnited.org

Septembro 23, 2006

[This message was sent by email to Brigit McCone today, and is also posted as a comment on EuropeUnited.org.]

Dear Brigit,

I was interested to discover Europe United today, and your comment caught my eye.

I share your distaste with the idea of English as a common language for Europe, not only because of the abuse the language would suffer, but also because of the unfairness inherent in such a system. A quick anecdote to illustrate the first point: when teaching English as a foreign language to classes of European businessmen, I have only once been asked to include something “cultural” (a poem, a bit of Shakespeare, or anything similar), and the one person who suggested it was shouted down by the rest of the group. “We want useful stuff,” they said, i.e. English divested as much as possible of its history and roots. The “English” that they end up speaking is a reduced code which is for the most part inadequate for actually expressing any original thought.

On the second point, I object to any system that arbitrarily and eternally favours a privileged minority over the majority, and the adoption of English as European lingua franca would do just that. Any foreigner who has ever been in a situation of conflict with a native speaker of English can attest to the power one has when using one’s native tongue to beat down an opponent, be it in a political debate, a commercial negotiation, or just an argument over who was next in the check-in queue.

Where I disagree with you, with respect, is the point where you throw up your arms and say, “Well, if that’s what the majority currently favours, then I’ll just go along with them.” You may choose to, and that’s a choice you’re free to make, but I actively participate in trying to educate the majority and show them that there is a neutral, fair and highly effective alternative, which is of course Esperanto. I don’t want to force it on anybody, but most people seem to know so little about it that it’s impossible for them to make an informed choice on the matter.

While it’s currently true that many more people are acquainted with English than with Esperanto, it’s very common to find that people’s knowledge and confidence in English are really rather shallow, and both quickly run out once the pleasantries are over. This is the result of thousands of hours and billions of Euros spent teaching English across the continent. Talk to any teacher or student of Esperanto, though, and you’ll discover a very common experience: that people reach a level of Esperanto in 6 to 12 months that it took them years and years to reach in any other foreign language. It’s startling how much more straightforward it is to learn and use, but pleasantly surprising also in the power of expression that one discovers at one’s fingertips. No pre-formed sentences to regurgitate (à la Business English) here!

I’ve gone on quite long enough, and I’m grateful for the time you’ve given to reading my message, if you’ve got this far through it. I’d be pleased to receive a response from you, be it by email, as a further comment at EuropeUnited.org, or on my blog.

Best regards,

Tim Morley

Conspectus rerum Latinus

Aŭgusto 31, 2006

About a month ago, I discovered that the current holders of the rotating EU presidency, the Finns, were intending to issue a weekly newsletter in Latin. An interesting choice, one might say; a bloody annoying choice, according to the Germans, who have tabled a question to the Council on how much this service is costing the European tax payer.

It struck me though that it would be of marginally more practical value to publish the news in Esperanto — there are at least some people in every EU country who use it on a regular basis — while still making the same symbolic statement, i.e. that the language issue in Europe is far from solved, and that some kind of neutral, over-arching second language might be an idea worth consideration.

So I set about doing it. And to cut a long story short, the translation team is about 10 strong, the Esperanto-Asocio de Finnlando are on board, our website’s set up, we’ve got permission from the presidency people to translate and re-publish their stuff, and they’ve even given us a plug in their latest newsletter.

We’re now trying to get journalists who wrote about the appearance of the Latin news interested in the Esperanto version. We’ll see what results we get.

Further response to Nicole Martinelli

Aŭgusto 17, 2006

Nicole Martinelli has just posted a further piece about Esperanto, responding to some of the points raised in my previous post. Here are a few words in response.

Firstly, I’d like to say how pleased I am to take part in discuussing Esperanto with someone who comes to the subject with an open mind, rather than with a mass of received ‘wisdom’ that’s impossible to shake, even in the face of clear information to the contrary. For that, I’d like to thank Nicole very much.

I’m still going to dispute a few points though. :-) Well, it wouldn’t be a debate if we all agreed, would it?

Nicole says:

A few considerations: I was taken to task (albeit politely) for calling Esperanto an “artificial” language. The definition comes from Wikipedia: “a language designed for human communication which was created by the work of one or more persons, rather than having naturally evolved as part of a culture.”

My point wasn’t that this is necessarily a bad thing, but it’s not the way people usually learn languages. Is it a better way? Easier way?

Well, the definition you cite comes from the part of Wikipedia clearly marked “nostalgia”, i.e. way out of date. Looking for the same page in the current Wikipedia gives a much more detailed and accurate article. However, quibbles over terminology aside, I’m not sure that I understand the connection between Esperanto’s artificiality and people learning the language. Nobody’s asking learners to invent (or re-invent) the language themselves; it’s there to be learnt, just like English or Italian or Chinese… it’s just that because it’s based on a planned structure rather than a thousand years of organic evolution, most people find it easier to learn.

Here’s an analogy that’s just popped into my head: imagine a tourist visiting central London for the first time, and another in Manhattan. You could live for years in London and still not be aware of street names even a couple of miles from home. As for giving directions, if you haven’t got a map, it’s difficult to direct anyone who hasn’t already memorised hundreds of place names and street names. In Manhattan, where the street layout and naming convention was planned rather than grown organically, pretty much anyone only needs two minutes to see how it works, and can then take themselves to “the corner of 5th Avenue and 32nd Street” or “10400 18th Street” or whatever. Nobody’s expecting visitors to Manhattan to be qualified in town planning, but the fact that the town is planned makes it much easier to navigate, for beginners and experts alike.

Nicole also says:

Part of the problem will be gaining enough critical mass, including the English-language press, to get the point about Esperanto across.

[..] the study I cited [...] was actually about how much money the UK makes with the dominance of English. It was by a French governmental agency and there’s no trace of it in English [...] And, If you look at Google news, the Esperanto congress in Florence never happened. As some of the posters on Morley’s site conceded, Esperanto has always had a PR problem.

…and it still has. :-( You’re right that the study has yet to be translated into English, although I believe the Italian Radical Party is offering a bounty to any volunteer translator who’s willing to have a go.

But to answer your final qustion:

Hmmm. Anyone know of an Esperanto group in Milan?

Well, yes I do. :-) Well, I don’t actually know anybody there, but according to the World Esperanto Association’s Yearbook 2006, the Milana Esperanto-Klubo meets on Fridays (except August and national holidays) from 9.30pm at Via De Predis 9, 20155 Milano. The entrance is next to Via Bramantino. The Itala Esperanto-Federacio is also based in Milan, and can be contacted at f.esp.it@infinito.it

Response to Nicole Martinelli

Aŭgusto 4, 2006

Below is the response I sent to Italian journalist Nicole Martinelli, following the request at the end of her blog post.

Dear Ms Martinelli,

In the above article, you said you’d like to hear from an Esperantist why they took up the language and how they plan to bring it forward. Well, here goes.

Potted life history to start with: born 1973; British; university educated; have lived in the UK, France and Thailand; worked in language teaching and in computational linguistics; started Esperanto course in 2001, and now using it on a daily basis.

Why did I take it up? Originally for two reasons, both basically selfish — first, it struck me as an interesting idea (the fact that a language existed that was neutral, i.e. didn’t belong to any country, and that the process of learning it was promised to be much smoother, quicker and less painful when compared to other languages) and I wanted to try it just for the hell of it, whether it was ultimately any use or not; and second, because somebody showed me the “Pasporta Servo” (Passport Service), i.e. a list of names, addresses and contact details of Esperanto speakers worldwide who would put me up for a few nights, for the price of speaking Esperanto to them while I was there. Now, I do enjoy travelling, and the thing I enjoy most about it isn’t taking photos of “attractions”, but meeting local people and being able to talk, laugh, be entertained, flirt, etc. over a few beers until the small hours of the morning. And obviously, in most countries of the world, I don’t speak the local language, so all of this is rather difficult.

Enter Esperanto. Now, I don’t pretend that I can just walk into a bar in Warsaw, Havana, Lomé or Taipei and ask, “Excuse me, which table are the Esperanto speakers at tonight?” However, in all of those places and hundreds more, I can phone ahead and arrange to meet up with people, and, as I mentioned, get free accommodation into the bargain. (For a visual illustration of this, you can use this Google Earth file. You’ll need to install Google Earth first.)

Thus, in the last couple of years, on visits to Poland, Italy, Lithuania and France, I’ve had both free accommodation and interesting people to talk to.

So that was the second of my entirely selfish reasons for wanting to learn it. The first — exercising my brain, or mental masturbation if you prefer — was also more than fulfilled.

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What are my plans for advancing Esperanto? Well, I’m only one person, and I’m not personally involved in every project that I’m about to mention, but this gives a flavour of what’s going on at the moment.

In no particular order then:
— Margarita Handzlik, a Polish member of the European Parliament, is a fluent Esperanto speaker, as is her husband, and they both actively promote the language in Strasbourg and Brussels (a “top down” part of the movement)
— this time last year, the fifth[1] Nitobe Symposium met in the building of the Lithuanian Parliament, and brought together about 70 linguists, academics, intellectuals and policy makers, to discuss language policy in Europe and how it could or should move forward. Translation and simultaneous interpretation was provided in English, French, Lithuanian and Esperanto, and the conclusions can be found online by searching for “nitobe symposium”. (More “top down” action).
— on a more local level, there are thousands of local courses in hundreds of cities, towns and villages, certainly in every country in Europe and in many other countries across the world. Even if there isn’t one in your immediate vicinity, you’re welcome to try learning by yourself, either with cassettes/CDs (the Assimil method is popular) or online, with ikurso.net or lernu.net.* (”Bottom up” in action).
— Esperanto is also appearing in primary schools, thanks to the Springboard2Languages project, among others. (More “bottom up”).
— lastly, a movement whose annual “pow-wow” as you put it attracts more than 2000 people from 60+ countries is not a movement that’s in its death throes, whatever you might think of its goals.

*I mentioned earlier the claim that was made to me before I started learning — that I could expect to pick up the language significantly more quickly than I had with other languages I had studied. I have to admit to being a little skeptical about the claims, and some certainly were exaggerated; however, I did find that in only a few months, I had a power of expression over a range of subjects that had taken me much longer to acquire in French, German, Russian and Thai. After 18 months of study and practice, I was told that the emails I wrote in Esperanto were better than those that I wrote in French (fewer mistakes, fewer problems in comprehension, more nuanced expressions, jokes that actually worked, etc.), despite speaking French for 20 years and living in France at the time.

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I’d like to offer corrections to a few misconceptions and factual errors in your article too, as well as an answer to a few of the open questions you ask.

You subscribe to the admittedly popular view that calling a language “artificial”, whatever that means, somehow dooms it to failure. Without getting into a debate about what the word means*, one only has to cite examples such as Modern Hebrew, Nynorsk or Bahasa Indonesian to show that a language whose grammar and basic vocabulary is the product of one person or a small working group has no problem at all in flourishing and becoming widely spoken in all human endeavours, without any noticeable handicap on the part of its speakers.

[*Many European languages are "artificial" to a greater or lesser extent. When the French, Spanish, German or Dutch language academies authorise a word, forbid another, modify spelling rules, change grammar rules, etc. is the result not at least partly artificial? And a century later, when daily use has cemented the "artificial" elements into the the "natural" language of the speech community, I have difficulty drawing a line between those modified languages and Esperanto, which today finds itself in the same situation. Certainly, the project as it was launched in 1887 was just that -- a project, which may or may not one day grow into a fully fledged language -- and undoubtedly artificial, albeit largely based on existing languages. A century and a bit later though, Esperanto is undoubtedly a language in its own right, and trying to come up with a definition of "a language" which would somehow exclude Esperanto usually also results in the mother tongues of millions of Israelis, Norwegians and Indonesians being excluded too.]

“There are said to be 1,000 ‘native’ speakers of Esperanto and you have to wonder what the parents were thinking.” Well, when my friend Arnaud made the decision to raise his three daughters as native Esperanto speakers, this is what he was thinking: “I’m French. My wife is French. Neither of us speak any other languages and we live in France. Is there any way that we can give our children the gift of bilingualism?” And having ruled out the possibility of moving abroad because of practical difficulties, the remaining option was to learn Esperanto and to pass that on to the children. Neither Arnaud nor his wife are particularly talented linguists; both have a good number of years of English tuition behind them, with the all-too-predictable mediocre results; and both used to work for a large German company where knowledge of German was encouraged, again with neither of them really having much of that language to show for it. However, with the Assimil cassette in the car every morning, they both reached a level where they felt confident enough to attend their first congress; after that they started using the language at home as much as possible; and now, Arnaud speaks nothing but Esperanto with his daughters, and both he and they are very happy with the results. He in no way feels restricted by the language, and has no problem in praising, scolding, discussing, reading stories, etc. with his daughters, just like any other parent; meanwhile they have a “secret” language that they can use between themselves at school if they want to!

“Italian news agency ANSA picked up just one small item about a study the Esperantists commissioned.” Factual error there (not sure whether your or ANSA’s — perhaps you might want to pass on the correction to them?) The study was not commissioned by “the Esperantists”. It was commissioned by the French governmental body for the evaluation of education in France (Le Haut Conseil de l’Evaluation de l’Ecole), and was carried out by Professor François Grin of the University of Geneva. There was no involvement by any organisation of the Esperanto movement, although it goes without saying that his conclusions certainly gave us something to talk about.

“The finding? English, the default lingua franca, costs the EU government €17 billion a year. That’s a lot of money lost in translation, to be sure. These costs could be cut out entirely, the study says, if there were a common European language.” That’s not exactly what it says. That €17 billion a year is what the UK gains from Europe by the use of English as the lingua franca. That particular anomaly would be removed if a neutral language were used instead of English, be it Esperanto, Latin or whatever. The report does not argue that translation between other EU languages should stop; that would be a whole separate debate.

“But how much time and money would it take to train everyone involved in the EU to communicate fluently in Esperanto?” Simple answer: far less than it would take them to speak any other language. In fact, I’d go even further than that: attaining a decent level of fluency in Esperanto is an achievable goal for the majority of Europeans. Achieving the same level in English is not. Decades of experience of language teaching in schools point to the conclusion that learning a national language is in fact an incredibly difficult thing to do, and one which most people fail at (certainly if the goal is to permit flowing conversation rather than just repeating memorised phrases), and I have a very hard time believing that yet another new teaching method is going to significantly change that. At the same time, decades of teaching and learning Esperanto, albeit on a much smaller scale, have repeatedly shown that people pick up the language and fly with it in a relatively short space of time.

“The bickering over official languages, with Globish as a common language, will no doubt continue.” Yep. You’re right there. :-)

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Anyway, if you’ve read this far through my incredibly long and perhaps occasionally rambling email, I hope you’ve enjoyed it and that it’s gone some way to answering your questions. If you’d like any further clarification (links, references, etc.) don’t hesitate to drop me a line.

[1] Erratum: it was the fourth, not the fifth Nitobe Symposium that occurred in Vilnius in 2005. I ought to add also that my description of the event is from my memory, not from any referenced information sources, so the number of participants and the list of working languages may not be exactly right. Mitigating, I would cite a lack of internet access at the time when I wrote the original message, m’lud.

Wow! OpenOffice.org team storm it!

Marto 29, 2006

I’m almost lost of words. I’m amazed — and really pleased! — at how quickly the OpenOffice.org Esperanto team are storming through the enormous translation task that we’re working on.

In the space of less than two weeks, we have translated and partially proof-read over 6,000 of the 10,000+ phrases necessary to get an Esperanto version of just the word processor (known as Writer), and work continues apace. We have also, possibly even by accident (!), translated the database part (”Base”).

When we’ve finished Writer, we’ll have two fronts to beaver away at — one for translators, one for techies.

On the translation front, there remains one huge mountain to climb — the 40,000 entries in the Help file. This will be very tedious going, but certainly an important part of the finished product.

For the techies, it’d be useful to start integrating our translation work and compiling the programs, to see what problems need ironing out there.

In summary: we ain’t there yet, but we’ve made more progress in the last two weeks than we’ve done for ages, and I’m really pleased with the whole team. Cheers guys!

OpenOffice.org in Esperanto

Marto 16, 2006

For a few years now, I’ve been part of a team (and now leading said team) who are working on a translation of OpenOffice.org into Esperanto.



The big news today is that I’ve just succeeded in transferring the work we’ve done so far — several years’ worth, albeit hardly flat-out — onto the LaunchPad.net site, which will make working together on the translations much, much easier.

What have we been doing since we started in 2002? Well, first there was the glossary of about 6,800 terms to translate from English into Esperanto. Many already existed, but some were completely new to the language, so there were sometimes lengthy discussions about the best terminology to adopt. We tried as much as possible to make our translation as consistent as possible with other existing Esperanto programs (e.g. Ĉapelilo, Mozilla, KDE, and others) and also with the Glossary of Computational Terms of Sergio Pokrovskij. Once that was completed, we started on the program itself, but it’s an absolutely mammoth task.

What didn’t help was that there was no clear method for doing the work; each language team seemed to have just evolved its own way and its own website almost in splendid isolation, so there were lots of ideas but no simple instructions.

For a long time, any work done by other members of the team was sent to me for integration into the archives, but this became a sticking point, because there were several of them and only one of me, without always much time to devote to the project.

Now, however, LaunchPad.net automates much of what I used to do by hand, albeit without the proof-reading that I would do at the same time. However, it’s easy for others to go through and proof-read and correct, so that work is now shared too.

So… we’re all set to work together, hopefully much more efficiently than before, on this project. Here’s hoping we finally see some results, i.e. a published Esperanto version of the program, some time this year.

Feature on “PM”, BBC Radio 4

Januaro 17, 2006

This afternoon, on BBC Radio 4’s “PM” programme, there was a feature about language learning which included an interview with Prof. John Wells of University College London.



Well, it’s more a 45-second statement on “why learning Esperanto is a good idea” than an interview as such, but presented on the same platform and in exactly the same way as other voices on “why learning Chinese/Spanish/etc. is a good idea”. In fact, coming to the subject cold, you could almost believe that the choice that students across the land were facing was between Chinese, Esperanto, Spanish, Arabic or French. In that order!

You can listen to my recording of the extract, or hear the whole programme again courtesy of the BBC (for the coming week anyway).

Eddie Mair says at the end: “Some thoughts there; let me know what you think. pm@bbc.co.uk“. So don’t just sit there, get writing!

mySociety

Decembro 21, 2005

After doing some work on the very fine PledgeBank.com in the last month or so (specifically, translating it into Esperanto…

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PledgeBank_eo_cropped

…and filing dozens of bug reports about their i18n framework), I went to one of their periodic, informal get-togethers down in London. Can’t say I contributed enormously to the work they were doing that day, but it was good to put one or two names to faces, and I hope to be able to contribute constructively again some time soon.

mySociety grew out of an informal group who created FaxYourMP.com — a service allowing people to do exactly what it says on the tin, for free, via a website. You bung in your postcode, it finds your MP, you write your fax, and off it goes. This has now morphed into the broader service WriteToThem.com, which works on the same principle but allows you to write to your MP, MEP, MSP, local councillors, etc.

In June 2005, they launched PledgeBank.com, whereby people promise to do some good deed on condition that a certain number of other people either do the same or help them in some way. And the Esperanto version, only a couple of weeks old, already has a half a dozen pledges on it, some of which are well on the way to succeeding already. :-)

Hello world!

Decembro 11, 2005

Global Voices logo

It was attending the Global Voices Summit 2005 at the Reuters HQ in London that convinced me that a blog would be a useful thing for me to have. I’m not at all sure that was my expectation beforehand, but it struck me as a useful platform for when I feel like I’ve got something worth saying to say (for a given value of “worth saying” of course).

And so here it is.

[This is actually the first post written in the blog, but I'm filling in some interesting stuff I did last year and backdating it.]